Technology changes grounding

Exactly how people achieve common ground depends up the details of the technology available.

Affordances of media ----change----> Needs/costs of:

Copresence___________________ formulation
Visibility _____________________production
Audibility____________________ reception
Cotemporality_________________ understanding
Simultaneity__________________ start-up
Sequentiality__________________ delay
Reviewability__________________ asynchrony
Revisibility____________________ speaker change
____________________________display
____________________________fault
____________________________repair


Applying grounding theory to technology design

Face-oriented camera (only show user's face)
Head-mounted camera (a camera on user's head)
Scene camera (showing the whole scene of workplace)

*Research--Puzzle task
--worker's display.................................helper's display
--Conditions:
..--Shared visual information
..--No shared visual information

Examining sequential structure

Discourse coding scheme
-helper utterances
-worker utterances
-worker actions
-joint worker utterances
[13 total codes, relatively high inter-rater reliability]

Effects of actions on discourse
-Actions serve as subsitutes for language
---verifying references
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Process vs content grounding
-coordinating content
-convertino extend tis to group work, espcially collaboration on complex tasks
-content common ground through selectively sharing information

How doe sthe tool design facilitate frounding?